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For many urbanists, the rebirth of Bryant Park means only one thing: a
derelict and dangerous public park was leased to a private, nonprofit
development corporation who not only turned it around and made it
self-sustaining, but also turned it into a real asset for New York City.
For landscape architect Laurie Olin, the Bryant Park Restoration
Corporation may have been his client, but this was a project that set
out to save a space in the public realm. It had nothing to do with style
and very little to do with personality, except the ability to hang in
there and stay flexible as the situation evolved and changed.
For me,
the result is an astonishingly beautiful breathing room, sitting just
behind the New York Public Library. Supposedly where it has always been.
But having walked by Bryant Park nearly every day in the 1980s, I now
find the green to be astonishingly big wider than a football field and
nearly as long. It reminds me of walking around Siena's Piazza del
Campo, after years of seeing the slides. Paul Goldberger described
Bryant Park recently in the New York Times: "At first glance, the park
looks almost the same, just a cleaner, fresher version of the old... but
the cumulative effect of small changes is to render it a dramatically
different place, vastly more open than before, more tied to the street
and the city around it."
Indeed, there is much to be learned from a
transformation that is so subtle and so dramatic. Luckily the design
process and the intense public environment in which it occurred have
been recorded and generously attributed in J. William Thompson's lucid
text. The Rebirth of New York City's Bryant Park is written in a
graceful, concise prose, lavishly illustrated with Olin's initial
responses recorded in his sketch book, archival documents on the history
of the public uses of the site since 1839, refined presentation drawings
of rejected and accepted schemes, the final plans and sections, and a
photographic portrait of the current condition and uses. The
representations are an analogue for the text and the many voices of
experience brought to bear upon this successful process.
With a
historian's affection for the telling detail in the representations and
the text, this elegantly designed case study demonstrates as much
attention to the social as to the physical construction of the park. And
in this way by circling around and weaving together the wisdom of Holly
Whyte and his gift to Manhattan, decades of studying their responses to
design, the watchful and analytic eye of the faculty and students of
City University of New York's environmental psychology program (housed
just across the street from the park) the passions of Manhattan's
hypercritical design communities and many others whose commitment to the
quality of public open space found the opportunity to express itself in
this design process we are easily convinced by the not-so-private,
corporate rescue of a public park.
And what about the thousands of other
public parks in need of rebirthing? The question may fall just outside
the boundaries of a single case study, but only the phoenix-like rebirth
of Bryant Park could convince us that the future answers will emerge
from the hybridic intelligence of design professionals like Olin and
architect Hugh Hardy to orchestrate the operatic process of this design
as entrepreneurial as any rogue capitalist and as committed to the
economies of clever multi-functionalism as any green guerrilla. They
leave me thinking that the success of Bryant Park was finessed by the
following strategies reported in the book:
When a budget does not allow
a construction to conform to code: declare it temporary and find stage
set designers to build it.
Mine the site, and remember that landscape
restoration is not a form of taxidermy.
Bury books under the lawn. (On
Olin's suggestion there are now 84 miles of bookshelves buried beneath
the lawn of Bryant Park.)
Hybridity, after all, is our best chance, and
the great tradition of urbanism.
Jamie Horwitz is a declared urbanist now living in Ames, Iowa, where she
is an associate professor in the department of architecture at Iowa
State University.
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